CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE DATASHEET
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION |
|
Chemical name |
Zirconium dioxide |
Synonyms |
Zirconia |
IUPAC name |
Zirconium dioxide Dioxozirconium |
CAS No |
1314-23-4 |
REACH registration number |
|
EC No |
215-227-2 |
Molecular formula |
ZrO2 |
Substance group/chemical family |
mono-constituent substance/inorganic |
Appearance Physical state Odour Form Colour |
solid (at 20°C and 1013 hPa) [3] odourless (100%) [3] powder (100%) [3] white |
USES AND HANDLING ISSUES |
|
Relevant identified uses |
metal surface treatment products, polishes and waxes, coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products and metal working fluids, medical implant material, valuable in sensors and fuel cells [6] |
Handling considerations |
Technical measures: Does not necessitate any specific/particular technical measures, other than those concerning the handling of powders. |
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
|
Molecular weight |
123.218 g/mol [10] |
Bulk density/Specific gravity |
5.77 g/cm3 @ 20 °C[3] |
pH |
not applicable |
Particle size |
D50 5.257 µm; D90 10.87 µm; D10 1.307 µm [3] |
EC |
|
Melting point |
2,715 °C [1] |
Boiling point |
4,300 °C [2] |
Flash point |
|
Flammability |
Non-flammable [2] |
Vapour density |
|
Vapour pressure |
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Solubility in water |
55 µg/L @ 20 °C and pH 6.5 [3] |
Solubility in organic solvents |
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Solubility in inorganic solvents |
Slightly soluble in Hydrochloric acid, Nitric Acid. Slowly soluble in HF. Dissolves on heating with a mixture of 2 parts H2SO4 and 1 part water. [2] |
Hydrolysis |
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Ionicity in water |
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Surface tension |
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Dispersion properties |
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Specific surface |
≥25 m2/g |
Stability and reactivity |
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Chemical stability |
stable under normal conditions of use. [3] |
Reactivity hazards |
No dangerous reactions known under normal conditions of use. [3] |
Corrosivity |
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Polimerization |
|
Incompatibility with various substances |
Acids; H2O2 [3] |
Special remarks on reactivity |
Keep away from moisture and heat [3] |
Physical, chemical and biological coefficients |
|
Koc |
|
Kow |
|
pKa |
|
log Kp |
3.1 (Zr concentration in sediment (mg/kg) / Zr concentration in filtered water (mg/L) = Kp.) [12] |
Henry-constant |
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR |
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Artificial pollution sources |
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General terrestrial fate |
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General aquatic fate |
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General atmospheric fate |
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General persistence and degradability |
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Abiotic degradation and metabolites |
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Biodegradation and metabolites |
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Bioconcentration |
Bioaccumulation (terrestrial and aquatic) [4] Most zirconium compounds are ionic and, therefore, would not be expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. [11] |
Volatilization |
|
Photolysis |
|
Hydrolysis |
|
Soil adsorption and mobility |
In general, metal cations in solution are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces of soil particles. The extent of adsorption of metal ions to soils depends on the pH, the mineral content, and organic content of the soil. [11] |
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS |
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Measured data |
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ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION |
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General adverse effects on ecosystem |
|
Acute toxicity (LC50, EC50) |
|
Aquatic systems
Terrestrial systems |
LC50(4 days) 100 mg/L (Fish(Brachydanio rerio)[3, 4] EC50 (2 days) 100 mg/L (Daphnia Magna) [4] EC50 (3 days)0.042 - 100 mg/L aquatic algae and cyanobacteria [3]
|
Chronic toxicity (NOEC, LOEC) |
|
Aquatic systems
Terrestrial systems |
NOEC > 100 mg/L (2 days) (Daphnia Magna) [4] NOEC > 200 ppm of ZrOCl2 (15 days) (Chlorella sp) growth [4] NOEC 200 mg/L (15 days) aquatic algae and cyanobacteria [3] NOEC 0.004 – 32 mg/L (3 days) aquatic algae and cyanobacteria [3]
|
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS and PROTECTION |
|
Routes of human exposures |
Occupational exposure to zirconium compounds may occur through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where zirconium or zirconium compounds are produced or used. Exposure to dust of zirconium and its compounds occur during milling operations and uses of zirconium [11] |
General effects |
|
Endocrine disruption |
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Mutagenicity |
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Carcinogenicity |
rat (F344/female), subcutaneous implant, Dose: 4 cm sheet implanted into 1 site on the abdomen (study duration: 741 days), Implant site: malignant histiocytoma, results: positive [7]
rat (Wistar/Female (48/group), route: Intratracheal, dose: 6 mg of 1.8-4 um particles given as 10 instillations before wk 26, study duration 115 wk or no treatment, tumour site: Lung: Bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma (2/47 experimental animals vs 0/46 control animals), cystic keratinizing epithelioma (2/47 vs 0/46), results: Positive, low incidence of benign tumors. [8]
Zirconium and compounds, as Zr, not classifiable as a human carcinogen. (A4) [11] |
Reprotoxicity |
|
Teratogenicity |
|
Skin, eye and respiratory irritations
Metabolism: absorption, distribution & excretion |
This substance causes serious eye irritation and causes skin irritation (CLP notifications provided to ECHA). [3] |
Exposure limits |
TLV (threshold limit value) (ACGIH): 5 mg/m3, as Zr; STEL(short-term exposure limit) (ACGIH): 10 mg/m3, as Zr; PEL (permissible exposure limit) (OSHA): 5 mg/m3, as Zr (compounds); MAK ( maximum workplace concentrations): 1 mg/m3, inhalable fraction (metal and insol. cmpds.); IDLH ( Immediately dangerous to life or health) (NIOSH): 25 mg/m3, as Zr [9] |
Drinking water MAC |
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Other information |
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Animal toxicity data |
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Acute toxicity (LD50) |
LC50 > 4.3 mg/L( rat male/female) (inhalation) [3] LD50 5 000 mg/kg bw (rat) (oral exposure)[3] |
Chronic toxicity (NOEL, LOEL) |
NOAEL (cat) > 78 g/ kg bw (cat male/female (oral) (9 weeks) [5] NOAEL (rat): 1 000 - 7 080 mg/kg bw/day [3] |
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS |
|
EINECS regulation |
listed on EINECS list [3] |
OSHA regulations etc. |
OSHA IMIS Code Number (Zirconium Compounds (as Zr): 2620 |
OTHER INFORMATION, SPECIAL REMARKS |
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CREATED, LAST UPDATE |
|
created |
9th April 2018 |
updated |
19th June 2018 |
REFERENCES |
|
[1] Lide, D.R (2001) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data, CRC Press [2] O'Neil, M.J. (2006) The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals (Fourteenth Edition), Merck Research Laboratories Division of Merck & Co., Inc. [3] European Chemicals Agency, ECHA, Available from: https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15455/, https://echa.europa.eu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.013.844, Accessed: 09th May 2018 [4] Ferrand, E., Dumat, C., Leclerc-Cessac, E., Benedetti, M.F (2006) Phytoavailability of zirconium in relation to its initial added form and soil characteristics. Plant Soil 287, 313-325 [5] Harrison, J.W.E., Trabin, B., Martin, E.W. (1951) The acute, chronic and topical toxicity of zirconium carbonate. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 102, 179-184 [6] European Chemicals Agency, ECHA, Available from: https://echa.europa.eu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.013.844, Accessed: Accessed: 09th May 2018 [7] Hatanaka, S, Oneda, S, Okazaki, K, Shong, L, Yoshida, A, Isaka , H, Yoshida , H (1993) Induction of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in female fisher rats by implantation of cyanoacrylate, zirconia, polyvinyl chloride or silicone; in vivo 7(2):111-115 , Available from: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search2?@database=ccris&queryxxx=Zirconium+dioxide%2c+zirconia%2c+1314-23 4&Stemming=1&chemsyn=1&pubmed=1&and=1&od=./temp/~tOzNmq, Accessed: 09th May 2018 [8] Mohr, U, Ernst, H, Roller, M, Pott, F (2006) Pulmonary tumor types induced in wistar rats of the so-called "19-dust study"; experimental and toxicologic pathology 58:13-20. https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2?@database=ccris&queryxxx=Zirconium+dioxide%2c+zirconia%2c+1314-23-4&Stemming=1&chemsyn=1&pubmed=1&and=1&od=./temp/~tOzNmq [9] HAZ-MAP Available from: https://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/categorydetails?table=copytblagents&id=8484, Accessed: 09th May 2018 [10] NIH, US National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Open Chemistry Database, Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Zirconia, Accessed: 09th May 2018 [11] NIH, US National Library of Medicine, Toxicology Data Network, TOXNET, Available from: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/~JDOQtq:1, Accessed: 09th May 2018 [12] Drndarski, N, Golobocanin, D (1995) Radionuclide partitioning coefficients in the Sava River ecosystem. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Letters 199, 21-26. Available via: https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15455/5/5/2, Accessed: 09th May 2018 |